Root canals are one of the most common yet unpleasant dental conditions. In a root canal, a patient will have an infected pulp. The procedure is an endodontic treatment, called so because it aims to treat the inside of the tooth. The pulp of the tooth consists of nerves, blood vessels, and connective tissues that are surrounded by the hard enamel exterior. The nerves and blood vessels are the areas of infection. Because the pulp extends from the roots of the teeth that are embedded in the gums and continue through to the upper crown of the tooth, any infection in the pulp can be extremely irritating and painful.